Land for Sale? Renaming and Acquiring Land and Landmarks in 2025
The discussion regarding authorities’ power to rename and acquire landmarks has gained severe relevance in 2025. Politicians around the world have mentioned unilateral interest in changing internationally recognized landmarks and to acquire new territories in foreign countries through financial transactions, as a way of territorial expansion and political power. This article will explain the political and legal scenario surrounding these allegations and exemplify the discussion by analyzing the cases of The Gulf of Mexico and Greenland.
The naming of a landmark obeys international regulations and national law. International instruments like The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS, 1982) and The International Hydrographic Organization Conventions, regulate the naming of maritime bodies. At a national level, countries have agencies with internal protocols and guidelines that must be followed to modify landmark names to respect historical, linguistic and cultural factors.
The naming of landmarks has had a political use throughout history, to either promote or oppress a population. This oppression can occur at a national level, with indigenous populations hindering their agency, or at an international level, questioning the sovereignty of other states. In 2025, the Trump Administration renamed the ‘Gulf of Mexico’ as the ‘Gulf of America’. However, international treaties, including the International Boundary Treaty (1970) and The Cartagena Convention (1983), recognize the original name. While the U.S. can internally change it, an official international change requires treaty renegotiation or the use of dispute resolution mechanisms.
Notwithstanding that an internal change in the U.S. does not affect international regulations, it influences the world for two reasons. First, U.S. tech owners, through digital tools, can shape public recognition of landmarks. Second, renaming a landmark of another country hinders sovereignty and deepens the global north-south divide. This shift gives the global north control over international conventions. For instance, some international companies have stated they will use the name ‘Gulf of America’ instead of ‘Gulf of Mexico’ to presumably avoid sanctions from the Trump Administration.
Shifting to Greenland, the island has a long history of foreign control. It was a Danish colony until 1953, when Greenland entered the Danish ‘Rigsfællesskab’.
Since the UN was founded, there has been a focus to end colonization. According to Chapter XI in the UN Charter of 1945, colonizing nations had to annually report on the conditions in their colonies. This applied to Denmark, but when Denmark changed their Constitution in 1953, Greeland’s status changed from colony to county. The inclusion was accepted by the UN on the basis that Greenland had decided independently.
Still, controversy has arisen around Greenland´s actual consent. The Greenlandic Council approved, but no referendum was held. Due to the status change, Denmark no longer had to report to the UN. In Danish and Greenlandic political society, it has been questioned if there was a significant change after Greenland entered the Danish federal community, or if the constitutional change was merely a loophole to evade UN-reporting, making Greenland a ‘modern’ form of colony. However, Greenland has gained full self-governance in internal matters since 1953 but is still heavily dependent on Denmark.
Donald Trump stated in his second presidential term that owning Greenland is “an absolute necessity”, and that he would not rule out using military or economic coercion to gain Greenland. Trump wants Greenland both for its huge potential for mining natural resources as well as the tactical military positioning the island poses.
The question is whether there is a legal opportunity for Trump to acquire Greenland. The Danish government opposes the idea of Greenland being bought. And even if Denmark agreed to the purchase, a consent from the Greenlanders is likely needed in light of their right to self-determination. The right to self-determination is a new age development, mentioned in both the UN charter and in the first article of the UN human rights Covenants. A consent from both the Danish government and Greenlandic people will likely never happen.
As a part of the self-rule law of 2009 § 21, Greenland can declare full independence by an approved referendum among the Greenlandic People and Danish parliament. Even though the Greenlandic government seems uninterested today, Greenland could legally join the U.S. of its own will, though it must first become independent.
In brief, this text shows that renaming and acquiring landmarks, something many think belongs to the colonial past, still has relevance today. Stronger adherence to international frameworks is needed to avoid unilateral actions that hinder global stability.